PhilippRehm《Risk Inequality and Welfare States》作品简介与读书感悟

期刊简介《新政治经济学》(NewPoliticalEconomy)是一份涵盖国际政治经济学研究的双月刊同行评审学术期刊。其成立于1996年,由Routledge出版。本刊是国际政治经济学领域的主流期刊

期刊简介

《新政治经济学》(New Political Economy)是一份涵盖国际政治经济学研究的双月刊同行评审学术期刊。其成立于1996年,由Routledge出版。本刊是国际政治经济学领域的主流期刊之一,与《国际政治经济学评论》(Review of International Political Economy)并列。2021年该刊影响因子为3.625。

本期目录

从属性金融化对外围国家工人的影响:一个分析框架与巴西和哥伦比亚的案例

The Impacts of Subordinated Financialisation on Workers in Peripheral Countries: an Analytical Framework and the Cases of Brazil and Colombia

作为经济结构调整形式的零碳战略:空间分工与公正转型

Zero Carbon as Economic Restructuring: Spatial Divisions of Labour and Just Transition

发展型国家的财政合法性政治:基什内尔主义下阿根廷的应急税收

The Politics of Fiscal Legitimacy in Developmental States: Emergency Taxes in Argentina Under Kirchnerism

像宏观经济学家一样看问题:形式化、专业激励和学术观念转变的多样性

Seeing Like a Macroeconomist: Varieties of Formalisation,Professional Incentives and Academic Ideational Change

气候变化诉讼的政治经济学:起诉化石燃料公司有意义吗?

治理全球流动性:美联储互换额度和美国货币政策的国际层面

Governing Global Liquidity: Federal Reserve Swap Lines and the International Dimension of US Monetary Policy

研究社会政策推广与新自由主义的关系:以社会投资为例

Studying the Relationship Between Social Policy Promotion and Neoliberalism: the Case of Social Investment

现代金融理论和实践与人类世

Modern Finance Theory and Practice and the Anthropocene

英国自由主义福利国家的适应力、纪律和金融化

Resilience,Discipline and Financialisation in the UK’s Liberal Welfare State

欧盟作为催化国家?重新思考欧洲的气候和能源治理

统计惯例和国家形式:关于南非统计数据的故事

Statistical Conventions and the Forms of the State: A Story of South African Statistics

文章摘要

从属性金融化对外围国家工人的影响:一个分析框架与巴西和哥伦比亚的案例

题目:The Impacts of Subordinated Financialisation on Workers in Peripheral Countries: an Analytical Framework and the Cases of Brazil and Colombia

摘要:本文考察了从属性金融一体化对外围国家工人的影响。目标是将金融、生产和社会再生产领域联系起来,同时考虑到全球资本增值过程中的中心-外围动态。在这一意义上,本文的主要贡献是在马克思主义和后凯恩斯主义相关文献的启发下,提出了一个分析框架。考虑到分层货币体系内的非对称国际关系、资本周期的动态变化和外围经济体的外部失衡,本文提出了五个传导渠道:(1)财富转移的负担,(2)家庭负债的增加,(3)汇率波动对实际工资的影响,(4)促进劳动和社会保障改革的财政纪律压力增加,以及(5)生产结构的专业化倒退及其对就业的影响。本文的第二个贡献在于,对巴西和哥伦比亚从属性金融化案例进行比较分析。分析结果表明,在当代背景下,上述五个传导渠道在工人社会再生产动态方面具有相关性,这一相关性在工资、就业、家庭负债以及劳动和社会保障权利方面尤为显著。

作为经济结构调整形式的零碳战略:空间分工与公正转型

题目:Zero Carbon as Economic Restructuring: Spatial Divisions of Labour and Just Transition

摘要:减少碳排放的战略将成为经济结构调整的强大力量,这些战略既为经济发展创造新契机,也为某些行业带来严峻挑战。“公正转型”方面亟需解决的问题在于,低碳经济结构的调整是否会对既有的空间非均衡性和劳动力市场的优劣势形成挑战或强化作用。在本文中,作者回顾了 1980 年代和 1990 年代关于经济结构调整的文献,并提出一个理论框架,以理解低碳行业的“空间分工”和如何通过它确保经济公正转型。本文的方法将供应链中的技能、培训和就业途径问题作为公正转型的关键维度,并提供分析和干预的框架。因此,该论文通过将脱碳概念化为空间经济结构调整的一种形式,并分析其对现有空间发展非均衡模式方面的潜在影响,为低碳转型带来了新的批判性视角。

Strategies to reduce carbon emissions are set to be a powerful force of economic restructuring,creating new economic opportunities,and also disruption and divestment for some firms and sectors. A pressing issue for ‘just transitions’ is whether low carbon economic restructuring will challenge or reinforce prevailing geographies of spatial inequality and labour market (dis)advantage. In this article we return to the economic restructuring literature of the 1980s and 1990s to provide a theoretical framework for understanding ‘spatial divisions’ of low carbon work and how they might be shaped to ensure economically just transition. Our approach foregrounds questions of skills,training and pathways to employment across supply chains as key dimensions of just transition,providing a framework for analysis and intervention. The paper,therefore,brings new critical perspectives on low carbon transitions by conceptualising decarbonisation as a form of spatial economic restructuring and its potential implications in reinforcing and/or working against the existing patterns of uneven spatial development.

发展型国家的财政合法性政治:基什内尔主义下阿根廷的应急税收

题目:The Politics of Fiscal Legitimacy in Developmental States: Emergency Taxes in Argentina Under Kirchnerism

摘要:在危机时期,政府可以通过增税和应急税收计划来为特殊需求募集资金。这些计划通常使得国家和社会之间的财政契约关系紧张,因为它们改变了被征税人、征税额和征税缘由的基本定义。于资源有限的发展中经济体而言,处理这些紧张关系则难上加难,因为它们需对财政合法性问题与重大经济部门利益之间进行协调。为分析这一紧张关系,本文对阿根廷进行案例研究。在2001年债务违约危机后,阿根廷对当时出口的农产品应急征税,并在基什内尔主义政府追求“后新自由主义”的背景下有所增强。然而,作者认为,政府未能使该财政协议合法化,从而导致2008年农村部门的税收反抗,以及该政策在不同党派间日益分化的现象。对于发展型国家,尤其是希望同时实现再分配和加强国家自治的国家,本文具有启发意义。作者通过突出税收合法化所涉及的挑战和冲突,为这些发展型国家阐明了其政治经济发展中被忽视的方面。

In times of crisis,governments can resort to tax rises and emergency taxation schemes to finance extraordinary needs. These schemes often generate tensions in the fiscal contract between the state and society,as they affect basic definitions regarding who is taxed,for how much,and what for. In the context of developing economies,where available sources of extraordinary rents are limited,dealing with these tensions can be problematic as it involves reconciling questions of fiscal legitimacy with the interests of influential economic sectors. This article analyses these tensions by exploring the case of Argentina in the aftermath of the 2001 debt default crisis,when emergency taxes on agricultural exports were implemented and then expanded under Kirchnerist administrations pursuing a ‘post-neoliberal’ developmental agenda. However,we argue that the government failed in legitimating this fiscal agreement,resulting in a tax rebellion by the rural sector in 2008 followed by the growing polarisation of the policy in partisan terms. By bringing to the fore the challenges and conflicts involved in legitimating tax collection,the article illuminates an overlooked aspect of the political economy of developmental states,particularly those seeking to enhance state autonomy while pursuing redistributive goals.

像宏观经济学家一样看问题:形式化、专业激励和学术观念转变的多样性

题目:Seeing Like a Macroeconomist: Varieties of Formalisation,Professional Incentives and Academic Ideational Change

摘要:政治经济学的最新研究指出了学术界和政策界之间“铰链”(hinges)的研究价值,并强调了定量模型在为经济思想提供科学合法性方面的作用。本文通过提出以下问题为该研究做出贡献:是什么推动了在学术界被视为权威的宏观经济模型发生变化?学术界观念变革的驱动因素与政策界观念变革的驱动因素有何不同?在回答这些问题时,本文强调了宏观经济模型正规结构变化与学者个人职业激励机制的相互作用方式。具体而言,本文认为,不需要访问大量资源的“便携式”建模形式可能会胜过“固定式”和资源密集型建模形式。这一发现有助于阐明宏观经济思想史上的关键节点。本文使用了跨学科的分析框架,该框架将科学社会学、职业社会学和政治经济学中的制度主义传统联系起来。

An emerging literature in political economy points to ‘hinges’ between academia and policy as important sites of analysis and emphasises the role of quantitative models in lending scientific legitimacy to economic ideas. This paper contributes to this literature by asking: what drives change in what is seen as authoritative macroeconomic modelling in academic settings? And how do drivers of ideational change in academia differ from drivers of ideational change in economic policy institutions? In answering these questions the paper emphasises the way in which variations in the formal structures of macroeconomic models interact with academics’ individual professional incentives. Specifically,it argues that ‘portable’ forms of modelling that do not require access to extensive resources are likely to trump ‘fixed’ and resource-intensive forms of modelling. Making this distinction helps elucidate critical junctures in the history of macroeconomic thought. Analytically,the paper relies on a framework that connects the sociology of science,the sociology of professions and the institutionalist tradition in political economy.

气候变化诉讼的政治经济学:起诉化石燃料公司有意义吗?

题目:The Political Economy of Climate Change Litigation: Is There a Point to Suing Fossil Fuel Companies?

摘要:本文研究了社会理论假设,并评估了让碳密集型公司对气候变化危害承担法律责任的潜在有效性。作者认为,这一问题并非源自某一具体公司,而是私营公司结构,这些公司运作于依赖增长的资本主义社会形态中。忽视社会结构会造成实际后果。现存的法律程序和趋势仍难以对化石燃料公司造成冲击,但即使未来的法庭结果能够让相关公司就民事不法行为赔款,这一缓解策略仍然无效,因为许多碳密集型公司有承担大量诉讼成本的能力,且即使法律成本使某些化石燃料公司破产,他们的竞争对手也会重蹈覆辙,继续介入以开采开放储量。完善法律,而非打击个案,必需对环境恶化进行更多系统性追索。作者为关注气候变化的律师推荐了一种可能更有效的缓解策略:化石燃料国有化。

治理全球流动性:美联储互换额度和美国货币政策的国际层面

题目:Governing Global Liquidity: Federal Reserve Swap Lines and the International Dimension of US Monetary Policy

摘要:自全球金融危机期间使用互换额度以来,美联储被公认为国际最后贷款人。然而,对紧急流动性援助的关注往往掩盖了互换额度对美国货币治理的更广泛意义。正如本文所示,在构建和促进离岸欧洲美元流动性生产的具体实践中,互换额度一直发挥着至关重要的历史作用,使这些实践符合美国的货币政策利益。2020年初,在新冠疫情引发的市场动荡期,互换额度的采用是一个关键例子:互换额度缓解了离岸美元融资条件,还引发了美元流动性反向流入美国。这些互换干预不仅仅为全球体系提供支持,还有效地重组了跨境资金流动,从而使美联储能够更好地控制国内市场。然而,随着影响全球流动性状况的能力对美联储控制国内货币状况越来越重要,这些干预措施为其在管理连接国内和全球市场的不稳定和不断演变的跨境信贷关系方面的作用招致了更广泛的质疑。

Since the use of swap lines during the global financial crisis,the Federal Reserve is widely seen as international lender of last resort. Yet the focus on emergency liquidity assistance tends to obscure the broader significance of swap lines for US monetary governance. As this article shows,swap lines have historically played a crucial and evolving role in structuring and facilitating specific practices of offshore Eurodollar liquidity production in the interest of US monetary policy. A key contemporary example can be found in the uptake of swap lines during the Covid-19 market turmoil in early 2020: swap lines alleviated offshore dollar funding conditions to such an extent that they also triggered reverse inflows of dollar liquidity back into the US. More than simply providing a backstop to the global system,these swap interventions effectively restructured cross-border financial flows in a way that afforded the Fed greater control over domestic markets. Yet as the capacity to influence global liquidity conditions appears increasingly crucial to the Federal Reserve’s control over domestic monetary conditions,these interventions pose broader questions about its role in managing instable and evolving cross-border credit relations that link domestic and global markets.

研究推广社会政策与新自由主义的关系:以社会投资为例

题目:Studying the Relationship Between Social Policy Promotion and Neoliberalism: the Case of Social Investment

Drawing from the fields of Cultural Political Economy and Critical Policy Studies,this article examines the relationship between social policy and neoliberalism,focusing on the ‘social investment’ discourse promoted by the European Commission. In the social policy literature,social investment is widely considered a policy framework able to overcome neoliberalism,with the latter defined rather narrowly as welfare retrenchment. Instead,referring to the vast literature on neoliberalism,this article proposes an innovative two-dimensional conceptualisation of neoliberalism as a political and epistemological project. The analysis reveals that while social investment provides a much more generous reform path than welfare retrenchment,it nevertheless largely follows neoliberalism in its epistemological and distributive dimensions,extending the economic rationale to non-economic areas and accommodating the interests of the economic and financial elites. The article finally connects this result with broader debates within international political economy on the future of the welfare state in a global economy.

现代金融理论和实践与人类世

题目:Modern Finance Theory and Practice and the Anthropocene

摘要:人类世,作为一个地质时代,已经被定义为地球系统运行中的可变性,它是通过地表温度和二氧化碳排放等各种标志来测量的。这些变化是由人类活动产生的,它们以灾难性的过程和结果为特征,并且超出了以往任何自然变化。本文重点讨论现代金融理论和实践如何应对它所催生的不利的人为影响,即气候变化和土壤退化等。尽管现代金融理论和实践能够产生替代性的社会技术安排,如社会责任投资和减排市场,以减轻这些不利影响,但由于这些替代性安排以金融化的形式嵌入热工业资本主义,所以它们很容易受到一些学者所描述的资本主义创造性自我毁灭的影响。

The Anthropocene,as a geological epoch,has come to be defined in terms of the variability within the Earth System’s operations as measured through various markers such as surface temperatures and CO2 emissions. These variations are generated by human activity,characterised by catastrophic processes and outcomes,and beyond any previous natural variability. This paper focuses on how modern finance theory and practice respond to one of the overflows that it has helped generate – namely,adverse anthropogenic effects such as climate change and soil degradation. Although modern finance theory and practice are capable of generating alternative socio-technical arrangements such as socially responsible investing and abatement markets to alleviate such adverse effects,these alternatives,for the very fact of their embeddedness in the financialised form of thermo-industrial capitalism,are prone to suffer from what some scholars describe as capitalism’s creative self-destruction.

英国自由主义福利国家的适应力、纪律和金融化

题目:Resilience,Discipline and Financialisation in the UK’s Liberal Welfare State

摘要:金融化已经成为当代自由主义福利国家的核心。基于资产的福利和社会投资战略的嵌入重点关注潜在消费者数量最大化,同时尽可能地减少福利国家的经济负债。这其中的一个核心部分是将风险从国家转移到个人,使风险个人化。这一过程的有效性取决于个人对这一风险转移的内化,并接受这样一个前提:无论他们生活在什么样的社会条件下,他们都要对自己的经济福祉负责。在本文中,作者认为“适应力”的概念有助于这种内化,进而有助于解释它为什么在英国等福利制度的社会政策中被相对迅速地采纳。“适应力”可以被理解为一种纪律机制,它有助于通过福利国家来使日常生活的金融化具有合法性并加以实施。本文通过提供第一个实质性的尝试来证明适应力作为一种社会政策策略,在维持金融化的福利资本主义寿命和进一步推动日常生活金融化中可能发挥的作用,从而做出了理论上的贡献。

Financialisation has become central to contemporary liberal welfare states. The embedding of asset-based welfare and social investment strategies has emphasised focus on maximising the number of potential consumers,alongside reducing the welfare state’s economic liabilities as much as possible. A central component of this is shifting risk away from the state,individualising risk. The efficacy of this process rests on individuals internalising this risk shift and accepting the premise that they are entirely responsible for their own economic wellbeing,regardless of the social conditions in which they live. In this article,I argue that the concept of ‘resilience’ facilitates this internalisation,which helps to explain its relatively rapid uptake in the social policy of welfare regimes such as the UK. ‘Resilience’ can be understood as a disciplinary mechanism that assists with both legitimising and enforcing the financialisation of everyday life through the welfare state. This article makes a theoretical contribution to the literature through providing the first substantive attempt to demonstrate the role resilience as a social policy strategy may play in maintaining the longevity of financialised welfare capitalism and furthering the financialisation of everyday life.

作为催化国家的欧盟?重新思考欧洲的气候和能源治理

题目:The EU as Catalytic State? Rethinking European Climate and Energy Governance

The regulatory state has provided a useful framework for conceptualizing the nature of the EU and its role in policy making. Although it is widely accepted that the conditions of European integration have dramatically changed since the 1990s,when this approach was formulated,few scholars have sought to theorize the EU ‘beyond’ the regulatory state. To fill this gap,this article puts forward the concept of the catalytic state,tracing its emergence within the field of climate and energy. The article proposes an initial theorization of the EU’s role as a catalytic state,situating it between the direct approach of the positive state and the indirect one of the regulatory state. On that basis,it provides a detailed mapping of catalytic state capacities in the climate and energy sector. Rather than replacing existing regulatory capacities,the paper argues,these new capacities have expanded the scope of EU action,following the logic of policy layering. To what extent this has indeed increased the ability of the EU to achieve its declared policy targets remains an open question,however. The paper concludes with a discussion of further research questions regarding the effectiveness,accountability and scope of the EU as a catalytic state.

统计惯例和国家形式:关于南非统计数据的故事

题目:Statistical Conventions and the Forms of the State: A Story of South African Statistics

摘要:作为治理的核心,官方统计数据远非自然产物。在社会和政治方面,统计惯例的目的、意义和解释随着时间和空间的推移而演变。如果几年来对数据指标的批评越来越多,那么人们对量化过程本身的了解就更少了,在非西方国家尤其如此。随着统计数据在发展领域的广泛应用,了解不同背景下的量化过程更为重要。与发达国家相比,非洲国家具有不同的复杂性,这使得它们在理解量化过程及其与国家建设的关系中独具特点。通过使用惯例学派(conventions school)的分析框架,作者重新研读了南非官方统计数据的案例。基于对南非由种族国家向发展型国家的发展历史过程追踪,作者分析了量化过程与国家的关系,并借此呈现了量化的发展过程。

Central for governance,official statistics are far from natural artefacts. The purpose,meaning and interpretation of statistical conventions evolve across time and space,in relation to social and political aspects. If criticism of indicators is growing since several years,less is understood on the process of quantification himself,especially in non-Western countries. Understanding quantification processes in different contexts is even more important as statistics are widely used in the development field. With a different complexity compared to Northern societies,African countries appear as privileged fields for this understanding and its connection with state-building. By using the analytical framework of the conventions school,I reread the case of official statistics in South Africa. Based on process-tracing,I show the history of the quantification process through its relations with the state,from a racial state during the apartheid to a developmental state nowadays.

PhilippRehm《Risk Inequality and Welfare States》作品简介与读书感悟

编译 | 胡富钦 周杼樾

审校 | 周杼樾 胡富钦

排版 | 吴梦婷

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